Ok. So the brain learns from experience. It takes each experience and breaks it down into its constituent parts/ facets. Every aspect of every experience is mapped to a different region of the cortex. If two experiences are similar then they would share the same mapped cortex areas that reflect the similarity between them. Eventually we end up with a cortex map that covers all past and possible experiences (in (most) possible future combinations).
As we go through life we learn the value of items depending on how easy they were to obtain, buy, etc.
We first get the concepts of good/ bad and then old/new etc. Experiences/ objects and knowledge are broken down and reflected by the concepts we already understand. These concepts can change over time through learning, and because there is just a link to various objects/ knowledge their internal concepts are changed also.
This is a gradual process, each item we obtain is mapped, how much we liked it, how much it cost, how rare it is… everything about every item is mapped, if the facet/ sub concept already exists then it’s just linked.
The sense of ‘newness’ or pride of ownership effects the decisions we make.
When we consider the concept of our ‘old’ shoes we bring to bear all the knowledge we have accumulated regarding all old and new items, and thus how we ‘feel’ about our shoes, or the total envelope of knowledge/ feelings about all old/ new objects we have experienced, reoriented on the concept of our shoes.
These complex patterns that basically cover all objects we own in various levels of ‘newness’ or ‘sacrifice ability’ govern how we will treat the object, again based on how we treated similar objects through experience and what resulted etc.
So… we have a guiding schema of information regarding all objects, not just the location, colour or size but also the ‘newness’ or even ‘do I care – ability’ based on past experience.
what makes the brain classify an object as high value, and what make it be extra careful for it ?
Answer=Experience
Spoiler Alert: Experience will probably be the answer to most of your puzzle questions.
Edit: I'm going to re-read this in the morning and think... WTF was I on about lol.