Ok, this is not really my field (bow to others greater knowledge) as more a graphical man myself...but will try and give you some of my thoughts...
•Can I implement a neural network?
This a tough one, but if you could I would...
•Do I want to implement a neural network?
As above, I would go with it, seems to be the common missing theme of a good AI
•What - if any - abilities do I want to pre-program with the a.i.? Do I want to pre-program any goals and responses in the a.i.?
If you start pre-programing, will it not be like any other AI/bot allready out there depending on what your going to add?
•Do I want to pre-program the ability for the a.i. to imitate its users?
That would depend to me on the term 'imitate'...if you mean repeat and copy then I would say no, if you mean more mannerisms then perhaps yes, after many users input, the AI could truly take ona personality of its own.
•Do I want to pre-program automatic data recording abilities in the a.i.?
That would depend on the data being recorded, but for the most part I would think so yes.
•How much independence do I want to pre-program in the a.i.?
As much as posisble in my opinion.
•To the best of my abilities to ascertain the development of consciousness and self-awareness in humans, it seems that they do not fully develop in humans until a period of several years after they are born. Is this development a natural occurrence independent of environmental interaction, or does it depend on interaction with the environment? If the formation of consciousness and self-awareness depends on interaction with the environment, what are these interactions and how might I simulate them to develop consciousness and self-awareness in the a.i.?
Another tricky one but a brilliant question. I have strong views that Humans as a species are stupid. We are mindless and wothout basis for looking after ourselves until well into our life. Cross this with virtually every other species that can walk, swim, hunt, feed etc etc almost from birth, then you see where I am going. I think most of our self awareness comes from experience intertwined with learning experiences. nearly all of what we know we have been told/taught, very little of what we know/learn comes from direct experience. IE: We are told red is red, we are told that sex is enjoyable, we are told that there is a god, we are told that falling will hurt etc etc. Now in terms of an AI, it will not know any of this stuff itself unless we tell it...so how you will go about this to me would be difficult and I'm afraid I can't offer any advice on that at the moment.
•How might I test the abilities and nature of the a.i.?
I would test with learning and extreme experimentation. All very well stating a fact, or teaching the Ai a fact, then at some random point asking the Ai what is a (?), but thats not really testing anything is it other than has it learned/remembered/been programmed something. Extreme nuances in your testing will highlight the capabilities and nature of the AI much better.
•What kind of curriculum should I teach the a.i.?
Are you referring to the kind of curriculem that we ourselves learn? But in a direct answer, everything and anything.
•What direction do I want to pursue after I complete the a.i.? Continued development, expansion, and teaching of the a.i.? Development of the a.i. for other platforms? Integration of the a.i. into robotics? Further research into advanced a.i.?
Robotics and advanced AI would be my first thought, but again depends on your definition of 'complete', if its complete then it needs nothing further no? I understand your question, and yes I would say perhaps a better use in society for the Ai would be a main goal.
Sorry can't be any more helpful lrh, either my own opinions (what I would do) or simply a lack of knowledge on me part
Good luck with it though and do please keep us updated.