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https://www.instructables.com/id/An-Autonomous-Rover/

This is a comprehensive guide for building your own autonomous rover. It's the most thorough and detailed treatment of the subject that I have seen in quite a while.

To perform its task, the AR (short for Autonomous Rover) integrates three major capabilities:

Localization — determines its current location in its environment
Navigation — determines the optimal path from its current location to a target location
Locomotion — moves along the path from the current location to the target location